Fuzzy β-Open Mappings and Their Structural Properties in Fuzzy Topological Spaces

Abstract

This paper focuses on the study of fuzzy β-open maps within the framework of fuzzy topological spaces. Definitions and examples are presented to illustrate the behaviour of fuzzy β-open mappings. Several characterizations of fuzzy β-open maps are obtained using fuzzy β-interior and fuzzy β-closure operators. The relationships between fuzzy β-open maps and other well-known classes of fuzzy open-type mappings such as fuzzy open, fuzzy α-open, fuzzy semi-open, and fuzzy pre-open maps are also discussed. In addition, the notion of M-fuzzy β-open maps from existing literature is included to provide a broader perspective. The results contribute to the theoretical understanding of openness structures in fuzzy topology