The Symbiosis of Circadian Rhythms and Oxidative Stress: Exploring Consequences and Opportunities

Abstract

Oxygen and the synchronization of circadian rhythms are pivotal in orchestrating a myriad of physiological functions crucial for sustaining homeostasis. These include the modulation of blood pressure, the cyclical nature of sleep and alertness, and the intricate cellular communication networks essential for health and disease management. At the heart of circadian regulation lies a sophisticated intracellular chronometer, which primes organisms to predict and adapt to environmental fluctuations, aligning their physiological responses and behaviors to the optimal times of day. Under conditions of heightened stress, the capacity of human bodies or individual cells to maintain internal equilibrium, including the balance of redox states and the precision of circadian cycles, may become compromised. Such disruptions at the cellular and systemic levels can precipitate deleterious outcomes, paving the way for the onset of cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative conditions, and cancers. Recent strides in scientific research have deepened our grasp of the mechanisms underpinning circadian rhythms and the critical role played by various components of oxidative stress. The exploration of the molecular intersections between oxidative stress and circadian rhythm dysregulation has emerged as a key area of focus, illuminating the underpinnings of their interplay. Although there is a wealth of knowledge on the dynamics and significance of oxidative stress and circadian rhythms when considered separately, the nexus of their interaction remains relatively underexplored. This review endeavors to highlight the complex symbiotic interplay between these two systems in the maintenance of physiological integrity and their consequential roles in the pathogenesis of diseases. By targeting both the circadian and oxidative stress frameworks simultaneously, there emerges a promising avenue for enhancing disease management strategies, particularly for conditions that have their roots intertwined in both systems. Embracing this dual-focused approach marks a significant stride towards improving our capacity to alleviate diseases attributed to the misalignment of circadian rhythms and oxidative imbalances, heralding a new era in the prevention and treatment of such disorders.