https://ir.vidyasagar.ac.in/jspui/handle/123456789/90 2026-06-14T14:30:21Z https://ir.vidyasagar.ac.in/jspui/handle/123456789/7961 Title: HOW ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INVESTMENT CONTRIBUTES THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE SELECT ASIAN EMERGING ECONOMIES? A COMPARATIVE VIEW Authors: Paul, Biswajit; Ghosh, Priyajit Kumar Abstract: Climate change significantly impacts global sustainable development, especially in emerging and developing economies, where industrialization and urbanization contribute to environmental degradation. Recently, Environmental Protection Investment (EPI) has gained attention as a crucial tool to tackle these issues. Its role is vital in these regions, where economic growth often conflicts with environmental sustainability. This study investigates the contribution of EPI to sustainable development in Asian emerging economies, focusing on both long-term and short-term dynamics. To achieve this, the present study considers yearly data of seven Asian emerging economies, namely China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam, from 1995 to 2022 and adopts a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Results of the study reveals existence of a cointegrating relationship between EPI and sustainable development in Asian emerging economies. This study highlights that EPI favourably contributes to sustainable development both in the long-run and the short-run across all countries. But in short-run it has less impact over the sustainable development as compared to the long-run. Further, country-wise disparity in terms of the influence of EPI on sustainable development is also found. Results of this study recommends policy makers of Asian emerging economies to put more focus on EPI at the time of framing different policies so that countries can minimize the pressure on mother nature arise due to economic activities and can move faster towards achieving different Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. Description: pp : 1-14 2026-04-16T00:00:00Z https://ir.vidyasagar.ac.in/jspui/handle/123456789/7960 Title: Board Dynamics and Firm Performance: Empirical Insights from Indian Pharmaceutical Companies Authors: Gupta, Priya; Ghosh, Samir Abstract: Corporate governance plays a crucial role in shaping corporate responsibility, strategic decision-making, and performance outcomes in the present competitive market. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of board structure on the profitability of pharmaceutical companies in India. The analysis focuses on pharmaceutical businesses listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and covers a period of ten years, from 2016 to 2025. The study has applied panel data regression model to investigate the influence of board composition characteristics on firm performance, with board size, research and development expenditure and leverage being considered as control variables. The results indicate that having an independent board and female directors has a beneficial impact on firm performance. Emerging-market governance emphasizes that board diversity and independence improve long-term resilience and investor confidence. Contemporary studies also argue that governance structures influence not only profitability but also sustainability-oriented firm value, particularly in regulated industries. Description: pp : 15-28 2026-04-16T00:00:00Z https://ir.vidyasagar.ac.in/jspui/handle/123456789/7959 Title: Gender Inequality in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Programs: A Study in Some Selected Indian States Authors: Chakraborty, Chandrima; Bera, Dipali Abstract: India has been facing a remarkable gender inequality in all education sectors. This paper attempts to examine the gender disparity in higher education i.e., in Undergraduate (UG) and Postgraduate (PG) Program and the factors affecting it by taking 12 states in India over the period 2010-11 to 2021-22. The results of UG and PG level analysis shows that in case of UG, for 5 states, enrolment of male pupil is less than the female pupil. For the rest 7 states, the result is just opposite. For PG, GPI is greater than 1 for 9 States and less than 1 for the remaining 3 states. The gross enrolment for female is in better position than male in PG level compared to the UG level. More number of higher education institutions, increase in hostel capacity and rise in pupil-teacher ratio up to a limit can boost gender equality in higher education. Description: pp : 29-39 2026-04-16T00:00:00Z https://ir.vidyasagar.ac.in/jspui/handle/123456789/7958 Title: The AI Augmented Macro Economy: A New-Keynesian DSGE Model with AI Driven Expectations Formation Authors: Chatterjee, Nilendu; Kundu, Dipak Abstract: The combination of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in business and economics is a game changer, similar to the effect that Industrial Revolution had on production. This paper studies the macroeconomic consequences of such a world in which a large fraction of economic agents – from firms to households – use increasingly sophisticated AI models for forecasting and decision-making. We construct a New-Keynesian DSGE model that explicitly considers rational expectations agents and AI-informed forecasters. The AIs utilize a non-parametric, flexible methodology that resembles some of the modern ML algorithms to generate anticipations on future macro variables such as inflation and output. Our model suggests that AI agents do a better job understanding the structure of the economy – including its non-linearity and the dynamics of policy transmission – than humans. We derive the steady state of the model, and linearize it to characterize its impulse response functions. Our results provide evidence that an economy staffed with AI-generated forecasters features much more pronounced business cycle dynamics, in response to pure technology (productivity) shocks. In the presence of unexpected aggregate demand or policy shocks, however, AI agents lead to speedier macroeconomic stabilization because their forecasts react more rapidly to new information regimes. The implications for policymakers are discussed in this paper, emphasizing the necessity for central banks to question their monetary policy frameworks when faced with new and more intelligent economic agents as well as potential dangers of "herding" behavior among similar AI forecasters. Description: pp : 40-62 2026-04-16T00:00:00Z