https://ir.vidyasagar.ac.in/jspui/handle/123456789/5324 2026-04-27T10:39:30Z https://ir.vidyasagar.ac.in/jspui/handle/123456789/6332 Title: Forest type and health monitoring using Hyperion data for geoenvironmental planning of iron ore mining belt, Saranda forest, Jharkhand Authors: Kayet, Narayan Abstract: This study focuses on two major environmental aspects, i.e., assessment of impacts of mining on forest health and intrusion of modern hyperspectral remote sensing technology to monitor forest health for effective geo-environmental planning and management. This work emphasizes on four objectives: (i) Forest health assessment for geo-environmental planning and management (ii) Assessment of impact of mining activities on tree species and its diversity (iii) Foliar dust estimation and mapping for environmental monitoring of forest surrounding mines and (iv) Assessment and prediction of forest health risk (FHR) for effective planning and management of mining-affected forest area. In this work, we had used narrow-banded vegetation indices (VIs) for forest health assessment based on the VIs model. Also, we had classified forest health status (healthy, moderated healthy, and unhealthy) based on tree spectral data analysis. Hyperspectral data (Hyperion) used with VIs model shown better accuracy for forest health assessment (overall accuracy 81.52%, kappa statistic 0.79) than spectral angle mapper (overall accuracy 79.99 %, kappa statistic 0.75) as well as support vector machine (overall accuracy 76.53 %, kappa statistic 0.71).It was observed that the health assessment accuracy (SVM) achieved with hyperspectral bands was significantly higher than multispectral Landsat-OLI data (overall accuracy 67.27 %, kappa statistic 0.62). The result showed that healthy forest parts are found in the upper as well as the lower hilly side of Kiriburu and Meghahatuburu mines. Furthermore, it also exhibits a negative relation amongst different forest health class, distance from mines, and foliar dust concentration. In the present study, we have classified the local tree species, and its diversity was estimated based on hyperspectral remote sensing data at a fine-scale level as well as correlated with foliar dust concentration and distance to mines. A total of 21 spectral wavebands were selected by discrimination analysis (Wilk’s Lambda test). The SVM, SAM, and MD algorithms were applied for tree species classification based on field trees spectra data. The hyperspectral VIs were used to estimate species diversity based on field measured Shannon diversity index. The result shows that NDVI705 (Red edge normalized difference vegetation index) is having the best R 2 (0.76) and lowest RMSE (0.04) for species diversity estimation. The results portrayed a good negative correlation between foliar dust concentrations; Shannon Index based species diversity, and the distance from mines. The scope of this work is to estimate foliar dust concentration using Hyperion and Landsat images, with the aid of eight different VIs and field-based laboratory spectra. The healthy and dust contaminated areas were detected by vegetation combination analysis using narrow banded VIs. Vegetation different (VI diff ) based dust model used for this estimation and mapping. The NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) showed an excellent negative correlation (R 2 =0.89 for Hyperion and R 2 = 0.81 for Landsat). Amongst the eight VIs, NDVI was selected as an optimal VI (RMSE = 0.06 g/m 2 for Hyperion and 0.11 g/m for Landsat) based on both, the field measurement and satellite data for estimation of foliar dust concentration. The result showed that maximum foliar dust was concentrated near the ore transportation network, surrounding mining locations, tailing ponds, and mining dumps areas. It also exhibits a negative correlation between foliar dust classes and average distances from mines. This work focuses on forest health risk (FHR) assessment and prediction in mining-affected forest regions using an AHP (Analytic hierarchy process) model based on the multi-criteria analysis. We considered twenty-eight parameters, including climate, natural or geomorphology, forest, topography, environment, and anthropogenic variables. Six parameters were also evaluated from the predicted time frame (2030 and 2050). According to the predicted FHR maps, the very highrisk class was found at and around Kiriburu and Meghataburu mines surrounding forest compartments. The sensitivity analysis indicated that some parameters were more sensitive to FHR. The correlation results between FHR and sensitive parameters have shown positive results. The correlation results showed a good negative relationship between FHR and distance from mines and foliar dust concentration. This work will provide a basis for effective geoenvironmental planning and management in the mining-affected forest region. 2 2021-12-07T00:00:00Z https://ir.vidyasagar.ac.in/jspui/handle/123456789/6315 Title: Environmental impacts of inland shrimp farming in parts of Purba Medinipur district, West Bengal – A geospatial analysis Authors: Ojha, Atanu Abstract: Shrimp farming (Penaeus monodon, Litopenaeus vannamei) plays a major important role in Indian economy for earning huge foreign currency. In international market India leads as one of the most active countries in shrimp farming sector for exporting large quantity of shrimp. Although shrimp farming is an appreciable income generation method at a short time but now a days it creates some adverse environmental degradation which may be very dangerous in future scenario. Looking at the serious matter of environmental affect, an attempt has been made to study the rapid growth of commercial shrimp farming in major five coastal blocks of Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India to focus on its positive and negative impacts on the biophysical and socioeconomic environment. Several types of research on shrimp farming has been done in the last few decades and different types of approaches has been introduce to properly study on it. But in recent trends Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) is considered to be most accurate and reliable approach to study the shrimp farming as a birds eye. So in this study RS and GIS techniques were used to hind cast assessment of previous years shrimp farming areas in retrospective manner, as well as to generate a micro level spatial database of shrimp farming. To quantify the changing pattern of shrimp farming from the past years (2008, 2012 and 2016) at Block, Gram Panchayet and Plot level, change detection method was used and the future scenario of year 2030 was also present by using the Markov Chain method. In hind cast assessment shrimp farming area was drastically increased from 2008 (4234.13 ha) to 2016 (5895.40 ha) whereas 1542.83 ha (3.22%) area of agricultural land was converted to brackish water tanks/ponds. According to future scenario study shrimp farming area will increase up to 8528.62 ha in 2030 from 5895.40 ha of 2016 (i.e. it will increase by 2634.22 ha) and agricultural land will be decreased to 43084.29 ha where as in 2016 it was 46045.25 ha. The chapter on ‘Land use and Land cover change detection’ covers the topic of changes of Land use and Land cover in this study area due to shrimp farming. This topic attains the first two objectives of the study which are generation of a micro level spatial database on inland waterbodies of coastal blocks of Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal to develop aquaculture/fisheries information system by using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System and identification, quantification and prediction of the Land use and Land cover changes with a special focus on shrimp culture development. The rapid decrease of agricultural land and increase of shrimp farming not only affect the agriculture sector but it also affects directly or indirectly on biophysical and socioeconomic environment. As a result of shrimp farming, salinity level of soil was increased and soil pH was also changed. Due to the seepage and leakage of brackish water to the nearest agricultural land, the production of rice was hampered. The Land use and Land cover change trajectories analysis, soil and water sample test, information gathering from farmers, local people by using the preplanned questionaries’ were done and intensity of impacts was also analysed by using the Leopold Matrix. As a result, it is clearly seen that the salinity and pH are high within 10 meter radius of shrimp pond which cover to approximate 1185 ha area of agricultural land which was solely used for rice production. Beside those, from the year of 2008 to 2016 total 31.45 ha vegetation cover, 26.29 ha river/stream/canal, 18.09 ha freshwater tanks/ponds and 17.25 ha scrub land was also affected as well as converted to brackish water tanks/ponds. On the other hand on the perspective of income generation, shrimp farming was found as the most profitable activities, which was found approximate 12 th time more profitable than rice cultivation. Affect of shrimp farming on biophysical and socio-economic environment in the study area is discussed in the chapter ‘Environmental Impacts’ which fulfills the objective of pointing out the socio-economic as well as environmental impacts of shrimp farming area’ in the present study. Though it is a most profitable business strategy but it gradually hampered our environment. So potentially shrimp farming site selection is essential to maintain both shrimp farming as well as sustainable management of environment. On this study potential shrimp farming site identification and prioritization are done on the basis of the analytical hierarchy approach. It is observed that approximately 4% of the study area that is 3289.8 ha is suitable for shrimp culture without having any issues. This 4% area is, particularly within the coastal region. The highest potential area is detected in the Desopran block that is 1175.29 ha. It constitutes almost 6.4% area of the block. The potential site selection for shrimp farming has been discussed in the chapter ‘Identification of potential sites for shrimp culture’. This topic attains the objective of identification and prioritization of the potential sites for sustainable shrimp culture using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques in this study. The changes of the Land use and Land cover detected due to shrimp farming revealed that there is an appreciable development due to coastal shrimp culture. However, it is not a sustainable development undoubtedly. The information and collected data point directly to the future threat of shrimp farming on the physical environment. Now the burning question is that whether to focus on economic growth with shrimp farming or to save our environment by taking some suitable measures to control the future environmental degradation. 2021-10-11T00:00:00Z https://ir.vidyasagar.ac.in/jspui/handle/123456789/6257 Title: Physiographic micro zonation of Purba Medinipur district for sustainable agro-natural resources management: An appraisal of remote sensing and GIS Authors: Karan, Tanmoy Abstract: Agro-natural resources management is one of the important key for sustainable development. Sustainable development is a systematic approach and continuous process for growth and development in which natural, produced and social capital is managed for the welfare of own and the future generations. At present, in every country sustainable process is very much essential for development. Therefore, this concept has been repeatedly emphasized in various national and international conferences which are held in different countries of the world. Sustainable agro-natural resources management is a system in a sustainable way that is directed based on understanding the environment, economy and society. The main intention of agro-natural resource management activities is to maintain the long-term ecological and biological integrity of natural resources by increasing productivity in agriculture and proper utilization of agricultural products. In this context, now the study of physiographic micro zonation of Purba Medinipur district for sustainable agro-natural resources management is most important. Here, the major agro-natural resources are agriculture, fishery and vegetation. The study illustrates the village wise distribution of agro-natural resources and its pattern and related problems in the district. This study reveals the village wise amount of cultivated land, various crop cultivated area, cropping pattern such as cropping intensity, crop combination and crop diversification of the district. Characteristics of agriculture and its types and methods practiced in the district have also been described. In this study, seasonal nature of uses of agricultural land has been analyzed. In this context, the amount of non ploughed arable land has been determined during three crop season in an agriculture year such as kharif, rabi and zaid crop season and which reveals that the amount of non ploughed arable land in most of the villages of the district is highest in rabi crop season and then in zaid crop season. But in kharif crop season almost all agricultural land is used for cultivation in all the villages. Spatial distribution of vegetation in the district has been analyzed and also highlighted the nature of forest and its types. There are two types forest like forestry planted by farmer and forestry planted by government or semi-government organization. The study also discussed the distribution of inland fishery of the district. The important analysis of the study is to determine the conversion of land into fishery. The analysis reveals that day to day agricultural land and forest land is converted into fishery. It is estimated that the amount fishery was 17107.2 hectares in 2013, it increased to 35832.69 hectares in 2019. Another important analysis is the different physical properties of the district such as, nature of soil salinity, soil pH, nature of inundated tidal water salinity, tidal water influence zone, drainage types, drainage density and some other socio-economic analysis such as population density, distribution of different worker population, transport system and transport density of the district. In addition, it is important to highlight how those resources are currently being used. The study also explains the growth rate of different agro-natural products for the past few years, i.e., 2003-04 to 2013-14. The study describes about the various types of agro-based industries that have developed based on the local resources. Different environmental problems arising from fishery are also described here. Another important focus of the study is to develop the methodological process for sustainable management of agro-natural resources, like physiographic micro zonation, land suitability for agriculture and fishery. The district has been divided into 8 physiographic micro zone based on drainage basin area for management and development of agro-natural resources from grass root level. Apart from, all the villages of the district is divided into 14 categories based on salinity level of soil and inundated tidal water which help in selecting the suitable crop for cultivation. Suitability of villages for development of fishery has been determined considering the location factors of the district. All the analysis is crucial for policy making and formulation and decision making in agro- natural resources management. Village wise agricultural data from all block of the district has been used for the analysis of different crops area distribution, cropping pattern and nature of agricultural landuse. To extract the vegetation cover area and fishery, Sentinel-2 image, June 2019 has been used. Four years LANDSAT-8 OLI satellite data like April 2013, March 2015, April 2017 and May 2019 has been used to show the changing agricultural land into the fishery. Field data has been collected for the analysis of soil salinity, soil pH, nature of inundated tidal water salinity, tidal water influence zone and environmental problems arising from fishery. Others secondary data has been collected from different offices and website for different analysis. Crop combination of J.C Weaver’s (1954), Gibbs-Martin Index of Diversification (1962) is used for the analysis of cropping pattern. Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) for water body extraction, supervised image classification technique for vegetation mapping is used in the study. Remote sensing and GIS is most powerful technique for this analysis. Some statistical methods related to analysis are also been applied. 2021-09-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.vidyasagar.ac.in/jspui/handle/123456789/5885 Title: Application of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems in Ecotourism Development in Sustainable Manner: A Case Study of the Hugli Estuary and its Environs Authors: Sultana, Farhin Abstract: The immense pressure of the mass tourism in the sensitive coastal region can damage the environment and ecosystems. To protect the coastal resources and to control the inflow of the tourists in the destination sites there is need an alternative form of tourism. In this present work the study reveals a qualitative and quantative research in the coastal region by ecotourism practices in a sustainable manner with the help of geospatial techniques. The study assessing the potentialities, Beach Quality index, Tourism Climate Index, SWOT and Sustainability of the each destination sites after the monitoring field survey, literature review and remote sensing data uses on temporal basis. The results shows that GIS data base management of several indicators can identify the problems and further improve the destinations. The assessment of the potentialities of the each tourism destination sites reveals that some destinations have the high potentiality to develop the ecotourism infrastructure and some have the moderate to low potentialities in the region to develop the ecotourism infrastructure. The assessment of the Beach Quality Index in the destination sites analysis the beach quality on the basis of Environmental Quality and Human Welfare and Health. The assessment is again consider the four (4) sub factor of Environmental Quality and remaining four (4) sub factor of Human Welfare and Health in the present study. The results shows that the Environmental Quality and Human Welfare and Health are excellent in some places but some destinations are need some management strategies to conserve the natural habitats and the coastal ecosystems. The estimation of the Tourism Climate Index in the coast al destinations also shows that the November, December, January and February are the favourable month for the tourist’s recreational activit ies. The month of May to July is acceptable weather condition for the tourists to playing recreational activities in the coastal region. The assessment of the SWOT analysis shows that the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the each destination sites. The results also analysis the main hindrance of the each destination and develop the opportunities for promote the tourism industry. Finally assessment the sustainability of the each destination sites by using the sustainable indicators and allow the stakeholders and the other authority to practice the environment friendly ecotourism under the strict coastal regulations of the region. The present study also suggests some recommendation approach for further develop the ecotourism infrastructure and continuation of tourism process in a restricted manner in the sensitive fringed region. 2020-10-11T00:00:00Z