Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Musculoskeletal Disorders among Information Technology Sector Employees in Kolkata: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency is a growing public health concern, particularly in urban populations with limited sun exposure. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated conditions, such as osteopenia and osteoporosis, among information technology (IT) sector employees in Kolkata, India. A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 randomly selected corporate employees, with 170 (85%) reporting vitamin D deficiency. The participants were divided into two age groups: 18–35 years and ≥50 years. Data on lifestyle factors, including smoking, sunlight exposure, exercise habits, dietary intake, vitamin supplementation, and medication use, were collected through a screening questionnaire. The survey was conducted via both online and offline platforms, and results were analysed and interpreted accordingly. Among the 170 affected individuals, 125 were male and 45 were female. In the younger age group (18–35 years), 15 participants were found to be osteopenic, while 25 were osteoporotic based on clinical symptoms and questionnaire responses. Vitamin D deficiency-related diseases, such as bone pain, joint pain, and osteoporosis, were prevalent among participants, particularly those with reduced sun exposure due to office-based occupations. The study highlights the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and related musculoskeletal disorders among IT sector employees in Kolkata. Occupations with minimal sunlight exposure, such as in the IT industry, may significantly contribute to the increased incidence of vitamin D deficiency, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions, including lifestyle modifications and supplementation, to mitigate associated health risks.